Interagency disaster management Essay Example for Free

Interagency disaster management EssayIntroduction A disaster mint be defined as a serious disruption of the functioning of a society, causing widespread human, material, or environmental losses which exceed the business leader of affected society to copy using only its own resources. Disasters atomic number 18 often classified jibe to their speed of onset (sudden or slow), or according to their cause (natural or man-made). Recent disasters like Hurricane Katrina have exposed the vulnerability of the population in times of disaster and this has lead to discussions on disaster management. born(p) disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, ice storms, severe weather, and wildfires can strike any time. They can build over days or weeks, or strike curtly without warning. Throughout history, people in various parts of the world have suffered due to the unpredictability of natural disasters. Some disasters can be predicted such as floods in valleys, droughts in beas of low rainfall and oil spills in shipping lanes. There can also be manmade unpredictable disasters such as bio act of terrorism that involves the use of chemical, biological and nuclear weapons.Disaster Management Disasters are inevitable but the destructive impact of disasters can be substantially reduced by adequate preparation, early warning, and swift, decisive receptions. Disaster Management encompasses all aspects of planning for and responding to disasters. It applies to management of both risks and consequences of disasters. However, disasters need to be declared to secure the release of political relation resources for intervention. Government through its various agencies plays a huge role in such prevention and mitigation.This is done through legislation, through resource allocation and through rational planning and sustainable development. State and local governments are closest to those affected by natural disasters, and have always been the lead in response and convalescence. The federal government acts in a meeting role, providing assistance, logistical support, and certain supplies. Local government is responsible for providing for the safety and security of citizens in advance of a hurricane.That means they are in charge of developing emergency plans, determining evacuation routes, providing commonplace transportation for those who cant self-evacuate, and setting up and stocking local shelters with relief supplies. State government is responsible for mobilizing the National Guard, pre-positioning certain assets and supplies, and setting up the states emergency management functions. They are also in charge of requesting federal support though the formal disaster declaration process.Federal government is responsible for meeting those requests from the state before, during and after the disaster. This includes providing logistical support for search and rescue, providing food, water and ice, establishing disaster centers and proc essing federal disaster claims, and participating in short and long-term public whole kit and boodle projects, such as rubble removal and infrastructure rebuilding. National Response envision The National Response Plan, published on May 25, 2006, by the DHS, provides an all-hazards approach to invoke the ability of the nation to manage domestic disasters.The plan includes best practices and procedures from incident management disciplineshomeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, firefighting, public works, public wellness, responder and recovery worker health and safety, emergency medical services, and the close sector and integrates them into a unified structure. It forms the basis of how the federal government coordinates with state, local, and tribal governments and the private sector during incidents. The National Response Plan aims to save lives and protect the health and safety of the public, responders, and recovery workers and thereby ensure security of th e homeland.The National Response Plan establishes a comprehensive all-hazards approach to enhance the ability of the United States to manage domestic incidents. It forms the basis of how federal departments and agencies will work together and how the federal government will coordinate with state, local, and tribal governments and the private sector during incidents. It establishes protocols to help protect the nation from terrorist attacks and other natural and manmade hazards save lives protect public health, safety, property, and the environment and reduces adverse psychological consequences and disruptions to civilian life.The Plan identifies police, fire, public health and medical, emergency management, and other personnel as responsible for incident management at the local level. The Plan enables incident response to be handled at the lowest possible organizational and jurisdictional level. The Plan ensures the seamless integration of the federal government when an incident exc eeds local or state capabilities. There are some new Coordinating Features in the National Response Plan such as mother country Security Operations Center (HSOC) The HSOC serves as the prime national level multi-agency hub for domestic situational awareness and operational coordination. The HSOC also includes DHS components, such as the National Infrastructure Coordinating Center (NICC), which has primary responsibility for arrange communications with the Nations critical infrastructure during an incident. National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) The NRCC, a functional component of the HSOC, is a multi-agency center that provides overall federal response coordination. Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC) At the regional level, the RRCC coordinates regional response efforts and implements local federal program support until a Joint airfield Office is established. Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG) A tailored group of senior federal interagency experts who provide strategic advice to the Secretary of Homeland Security during an authentic or potential Incident of National Significance. Joint Field Office (JFO) A temporary federal facility established locally to provide a central point to coordinate resources in support of state, local, and tribal authorities. Principal Federal Official (PFO) A PFO may be designated by the Secretary of Homeland Security during a potential or actual Incident of National Significance. While individual federal officials retain their authorities pertaining to specific aspects of incident management, the PFO works in conjunction with these officials to coordinate overall federal incident management efforts. The Department of Homeland Security/ fatality Preparedness and Response (EPR)/Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), in close coordination with the DHS Office of the Secretary, will maintain the National Response Plan.The Plan will be updated to incorporate new presidential directives, legislative changes, and procedural changes based on lessons learned from exercises and actual events. The Department of Homeland Security In the event of a terrorist attack, natural disaster or other large-scale emergency, the Department of Homeland Security will assume primary responsibility on March 1st for ensuring that emergency response professionals are prepared for any situation.The department is responsible for providing a coordinated, comprehensive federal response to any large-scale crisis and mounting a swift and effective recovery effort. According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002 the mission of the Department of Homeland security is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism and minimize the damage, and assist in the recovery, from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States.Biohazards Biohazards are biological agents or substances that present or may present a hazard to the health or well-being of the worker or the community. Biological agents and substances include infectious and parasitic agents, noninfectious microorganisms, such as some fungi, yeast, algae, lay outs and plant products, and animals and animal products that cause occupational disease.Generally, biohazards are either infectious microorganisms, toxic biological substances, biological allergens or any combination of the above. Today, biohazards ar also employ as weapons of mass destruction in the hands of terrorists the use of anthrax virus to spread disease, death, fear and panic among the public is a case in point. As such, biohazards not only come under the purview of the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) but also under Department of Homeland Security.